Eye Pressure 101: What It Is and How to Keep It Healthy

Ever heard the term "eye pressure" and wondered what it actually means? In simple terms, eye pressure is the force of fluid inside your eye. Doctors call it intraocular pressure (IOP). When the pressure stays in the normal range, your eye works just fine. Problems pop up when the pressure gets too high or too low, and that can affect your vision.

Normal numbers and how doctors measure them

Most healthy eyes have a pressure between 10 and 21 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). Anything above 21 may signal a risk for glaucoma, a condition that can damage the optic nerve. To find out your pressure, eye doctors use a quick test called tonometry. The most common version feels like a light puff of air on the eye, but there are also gentle probes that touch the surface for a more exact reading.

Why pressure can go up or down

Several things can push eye pressure higher. Genetics play a big role—if glaucoma runs in your family, keep an eye on your numbers. Medications like steroids, certain eye drops, or even some medicines for other health problems can raise pressure too. On the flip side, eye injuries, inflammation, or conditions that drain fluid too fast can lower pressure, leading to blurry vision or discomfort.

Most people don’t feel any symptoms when pressure climbs. That’s why regular eye exams are key. If pressure gets very high, you might notice halos around lights, eye pain, or a sudden loss of peripheral vision. Low pressure can cause headaches, vision that looks hazy, or a feeling that the eye is “off.”

Simple steps to protect your eyes

Even if you’re not at high risk, a few habits can help keep pressure steady. Exercise regularly—activities like walking or swimming improve blood flow and can lower pressure. Eat a diet rich in leafy greens, oranges, and fish; those foods contain nutrients that support eye health. Limit caffeine and avoid smoking, both of which can spike pressure.

If you wear glasses or contacts, keep them clean and follow your eye doctor’s schedule for check‑ups. For those on eye‑pressure medicines, never skip a dose and let your doctor know about any side effects. Some people find that taking a short break from screens, especially in low light, eases eye strain, which can indirectly help pressure.

When to see a professional

Schedule an eye exam at least once every two years, or yearly if you have a family history of glaucoma. If you notice any sudden changes in vision, eye pain, or persistent headaches, book an appointment right away. Early detection is the best way to prevent damage.

Remember, eye pressure isn’t something you can feel, but it’s a big part of keeping your vision sharp. Regular checks, a healthy lifestyle, and following your doctor’s advice are the most reliable ways to stay on top of it.